Liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display device

ABSTRACT

The invention provides a liquid crystal composition that satisfies at least one characteristic among the characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a low viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a small pretilt angle, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light, and a high stability to heat, or provides a liquid crystal composition that is properly balanced regarding at least two characteristics. The invention provides an AM device that has a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a high contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth. A liquid crystal display device contains the liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase that includes three components, wherein the first component is a specific difluoroalkenyldicyclohexane compound having a small viscosity, the second component is a specific compound having difluoromethyleneoxy bond having a large dielectric anisotropy, and the third component is a specific terphenyl compound having a large optical anisotropy.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates mainly to a liquid crystal composition suitable for use in an active matrix (AM) device, and an AM device containing the composition. The invention relates particularly to a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy, and to a device of a twisted nematic (TN) mode, an optically compensated bend (OCB) mode, an in-plane switching (IPS) mode or a polymer sustained alignment (PSA) mode containing the composition.

2. Related Art

In a liquid crystal display device, a classification based on the operation mode for liquid crystals includes phase change (PC), twisted nematic (TN), super twisted nematic (STN), electrically controlled birefringence (ECB), optically compensated bend (OCB), in-plane switching (IPS), vertical alignment (VA), polymer sustained alignment (PSA), and so forth. A classification based on a driving mode includes a passive matrix (PM) and an active matrix (AM). The PM is further classified into static, multiplex and so forth, and the AM is further classified into a thin film transistor (TFT), a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) and so forth. The TFT is further classified into amorphous silicon and polycrystal silicon. The latter is classified into a high-temperature type and a low-temperature type according to a production process. A classification based on a light source includes a reflection type utilizing natural light, a transmission type utilizing a backlight, and a semi-transmission type utilizing both the natural light and the backlight.

These devices contain a liquid crystal composition having suitable characteristics. The liquid crystal composition has a nematic phase. General characteristics of the composition should be improved to obtain an AM device having good general characteristics. Table 1 below summarizes the relationship between the general characteristics of the two. The general characteristics of the composition will be explained further based on a commercially available AM device. A temperature range of a nematic phase relates to a temperature range in which the device can be used. A desirable maximum temperature of the nematic phase is approximately 70° C. or more and a desirable minimum temperature is approximately −10° C. or less. The viscosity of the composition relates to the response time of the device. A short response time is desirable for displaying moving images with the device. Accordingly, a low viscosity of the composition is desirable. A low viscosity at a low temperature is more desirable.

TABLE 1 General Characteristics of Liquid Crystal Composition and AM Device General Characteristics of a General Characteristics of an AM No. Composition Device 1 Temperature range of a Usable temperature range is wide nematic phase is wide 2 Viscosity is low¹⁾ Response time is short 3 Optical anisotropy is Contrast ratio is high suitable 4 Dielectric anisotropy is Threshold voltage is low and electric positively or negatively power consumption is low large Contrast ratio is high 5 Specific resistance is large Voltage holding ratio is high and a contrast ratio is high 6 It is stable to ultraviolet Service life is long light and heat ¹⁾A liquid crystal composition can be injected into a cell in a shorter period of time.

The optical anisotropy of the composition relates to the contrast ratio of the device. The product (Δn×d) of the optical anisotropy (Δn) of the composition and the cell gap (d) of the device is designed to maximize the contrast ratio. A suitable value of the product depends on the kind of operation modes. In a device having a TN mode or the like, a suitable value is approximately 0.45 μm. In this case, a composition having a large optical anisotropy is desirable for a device having a small cell gap. A large dielectric anisotropy of the composition contributes to a low threshold voltage, a low electric power consumption and a high contrast ratio. Accordingly, a large dielectric anisotropy is desirable. A large specific resistance of the composition contributes to a large voltage holding ratio and a high contrast ratio of the device. Accordingly, a composition having a large specific resistance is desirable at room temperature and also at a high temperature in the initial stage. A composition having a large specific resistance is desirable at room temperature and also at a high temperature after it has been used for a long time. The stability of the composition to ultraviolet light and heat relates to the service life of the liquid crystal display device. In the case where the stability is high, the device has a long service life. These characteristics are desirable for an AM device used in a liquid crystal projector, a liquid crystal television and so forth.

A composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy is used for an AM device having a TN mode. On the other hand, a composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used for an AM device having a VA mode. A composition having a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy is used for an AM device having an IPS mode. A composition having a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy is used for an AM device having a PSA mode. Examples of the liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy are disclosed in the following patent documents No. 1 to 3. The dielectric anisotropy is not sufficiently large.

-   No. 1: WO 2006-038443 A; No. 2: JP 2008-038018 A; No. 3: WO     2008-102641 A.

A desirable AM device is characterized as having a wide usable temperature range, a short response time, a high contrast ratio, a low threshold voltage, a large voltage holding ratio, a long service life, and so forth. Even one millisecond shorter response time is desirable. Thus, a composition having characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a low viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a small pretilt angle, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light, a high stability to heat, and so forth is especially desirable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention concerns a liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase that includes three components, wherein the first component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (1), and the second component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (2-1) and (2-2), and the third component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (3); the ratio of the first component is in the range of approximately 20% to approximately 50% by weight, the ratio of the second component is in the range of approximately 10% to approximately 35% by weight, and the ratio of the third component is in the range of approximately 5% to approximately 45% by weight based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal display device contains the composition. The compounds of the first component, the second component and the third component herein are characterized by having fluorine.

wherein R¹ and R² are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons; R³ and R⁴ are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine.

The invention also concerns a liquid display device that includes the liquid crystal composition, and so forth.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The terms used in the specification and claims are defined as follows. The liquid crystal composition and/or the liquid crystal display device of the invention may occasionally be expressed simply as “the composition” or “the device,” respectively. A liquid crystal display device is a generic term for a liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display module. The “liquid crystal compound” is a generic term for a compound having a liquid crystal phase such as a nematic phase and a smectic phase, and also for a compound having no liquid crystal phase but being useful as a component of a composition. The useful compound contains a 6-membered ring such as 1,4-cyclohexylene and 1,4-phenylene, and its molecular structure is rod-like. An optically active compound or a polymerizable compound may occasionally be added to the composition. Even in the case where the compound is a liquid crystal compound, the compound is classified into an additive herein. At least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (1) may be abbreviated to “the compound (1).” “The compound (1)” means one compound or two or more compounds represented by formula (1). The same rules apply to compounds represented by the other formulas. “Arbitrary” is used not only in cases when the position is arbitrary but also in cases when the number is arbitrary, however, is not used in cases when where the number is zero.

A higher limit of a temperature range of a nematic phase may be abbreviated to “a maximum temperature.” A lower limit of a temperature range of a nematic phase may be abbreviated to “a minimum temperature.” “A specific resistance is large” means that the composition has a large specific resistance at room temperature and also at a high temperature close to the maximum temperature of the nematic phase in the initial stage, and that the composition has a large specific resistance at room temperature and also at a high temperature close to the maximum temperature of the nematic phase even after it has been used for a long time. “A voltage holding ratio is large” means that a device has a large voltage holding ratio at room temperature and also at a high temperature close to the maximum temperature of a nematic phase in the initial stage, and that the device has a large voltage holding ratio at room temperature and also at a high temperature close to the maximum temperature of the nematic phase even after it has been used for a long time. In the description of the characteristics such as the optical anisotropy, measured, values obtained by the methods disclosed in Examples are used. The first component is one compound or two or more compounds. “A ratio of the first component” means the percentage by weight (% by weight) based on the total weight of a liquid crystal composition. A ratio of the second component and so forth are applied with the same rule. A ratio of an additive mixed with the composition means the percentage by weight (% by weight) or the percentage by weight (ppm) based on the total weight of a liquid crystal composition.

The symbol R² was used for a plurality of compounds in the chemical formulas for component compounds. In these compounds, two arbitrary R² may be identical or different. In one case, for example, R² of the compound (2-1) is ethyl and R² of the compound (2-2) is ethyl. In another case, R² of the compound (2-1) is ethyl and R² of the compound (2-2) is propyl. The same rule applies to R¹ and R³.

One of the advantages of the invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition that satisfies at least one characteristic among the characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a low viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a small pretilt angle, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light, and a high stability to heat. Another of the advantages of the invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition that is properly balanced regarding at least two characteristics. Another of the advantages of the invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device that contains the composition. Another of the advantages of the invention is to provide a composition that has a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a high stability to ultraviolet light and so forth, and to provide an AM device that has a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a high contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth.

The invention has the following features:

Item 1. A liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase that includes three components, wherein the first component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (1), and the second component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (2-1) and (2-2), and the third component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (3); the ratio of the first component is in the range of approximately 20% to approximately 50% by weight, the ratio of the second component is in the range of approximately 10% to approximately 35% by weight, and the ratio of the third component is in the range of approximately 5% to approximately 45% by weight based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition.

wherein R¹ and R² are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons; R³ and R⁴ are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine. Item 2. The liquid crystal composition according to item 1, wherein the sum of the ratio of the first component and the second component is in the range of approximately 50% by weight to approximately 70% by weight based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition. Item 3. The liquid crystal composition according to item 1 or 2, wherein the second component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (2-1). Item 4. The liquid crystal composition according to item 1 or 2, wherein the second component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (2-2). Item 5. The liquid crystal composition according to item 1 or 2, wherein the second component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (2-1) and (2-2). Item 6. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the ratio of the first component is in the range of approximately 30% by weight to approximately 45% by weight, the ratio of the second component is in the range of approximately 10% by weight to approximately 25% by weight, and the ratio of the third component is in the range of approximately 5% by weight to approximately 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition. Item 7. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of items 1 to 6 that further includes at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (4-1) and (4-2) as a fourth component, wherein the ratio of the fourth component is in the range of approximately 5% by weight to approximately 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition.

wherein R⁵ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine; R⁶ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, fluorine or chlorine. Item 8. The liquid crystal composition according to item 7, wherein the fourth component is least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (4-1). Item 9. The liquid crystal composition according to item 7, wherein the fourth component is least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (4-2). Item 10. The liquid crystal composition according to item 7, wherein the fourth component is a mixture of at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (4-1) and at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (4-2). Item 11. The liquid crystal composition according to any item of items 7 to 10, wherein the ratio of the first component is in the range of approximately 10% to approximately 35% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition. Item 12. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of items 1 to 11, wherein the composition further includes at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (5) as the fifth component, wherein the ratio of the fifth component is in the range of approximately 5% to approximately 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition.

wherein R⁷ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons. Item 13. The liquid crystal composition according to item 12, wherein the ratio of the fifth component is in the range of approximately 5% to approximately 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition. Item 14. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of items 1 to 13, containing the liquid crystal composition. Item 15. The liquid crystal display device according to item 14, wherein the operation mode of the liquid crystal display device is a twisted nematic (TN) mode, an optically compensated bend (OCB) mode, an in-plane switching (IPS) mode, or a polymer sustained alignment (PSA) mode, and the driving mode of the liquid crystal display device is an active matrix mode. Item 16. The liquid crystal display device according to item 14, wherein the operation mode of the liquid crystal display device is a twisted nematic (TN) mode, or an in-plane switching (IPS) mode, and the driving mode of the liquid crystal display device is an active matrix mode.

The invention further includes: (1) the composition described above, wherein the composition further contains an optically active compound; (2) the composition described above, wherein the composition further contains an additive, such as an antioxidant, an ultraviolet light absorbent, a defoaming agent, a polymerizable compound, and/or a polymerization initiator; (3) an AM device containing the composition described above; (4) a device having a TN, ECB, OCB, IPS, or PSA, which contains the composition described above; (5) a device of a transmission type, containing the composition described above; (6) use of the composition described above as a composition having a nematic phase; and (7) use as an optically active composition by adding an optically active compound to the composition described above.

The composition of the invention will be explained in the following order. First, the constitution of component compounds in the composition will be explained. Second, the main characteristics of the component compounds and the main effects of the compounds on the composition will be explained. Third, the combinations of the components in the composition, a desirable ratio of the component compounds, and the basis thereof will be explained. Fourth, a desirable embodiment of the component compounds will be explained. Fifth, examples of the component compounds will be shown. Sixth, additives that may be added to the composition will be explained. Seventh, the methods for preparing the component compounds will be explained. Lastly, use of the composition will be explained.

First, the constitution of component compounds in the composition will be explained. The composition of the invention is classified into a composition A and a composition B. The composition A may further contain other liquid crystal compounds, an additive, an impurity, and so forth. “The other liquid crystal compounds” are different from the compound (2-1), the compound (2-2), the compound (3), compound (4-1), the compound (4-2) and the compound (5). Such compounds are mixed with the composition for the purpose of adjusting the characteristics of the composition. The other liquid crystal compounds desirably contain a smaller amount of a cyano compound from the viewpoint of stability to heat or ultraviolet light. A more desirable ratio of the cyano compound is approximately 0% by weight. The additive includes an optically active compound, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet light absorbent, a coloring matter, a antifoaming agent, a polymerizable compound, a polymerization initiator and so forth. The impurity is a compound and so forth contaminated in a process such as synthesis of a component compound and so forth. Even in the case where the compound is a liquid crystal compound, it is classified into an impurity.

The composition B is essentially consisting of compounds selected from the compound (1), the compound (2-1), compound (2-2), the compound (3), compound (4-1), the compound (4-2) and the compound (5). The term “essentially” means that the composition may contain an additive and an impurity, but does not contain a liquid crystal compound different from these compounds. The composition B has fewer components than composition A. The composition B is more preferable to the composition A from the viewpoint of cost reduction. The composition A is preferable to the composition B from the viewpoint that physical properties can be adjusted further by adding the other liquid crystal compounds.

Second, the main characteristics of the component compounds and the main effects of the compounds on the composition will be explained. The main characteristics of the component compounds are summarized in Table 2. In Table 2, the symbol L represents large or high, the symbol M represents a middle degree, and the symbol S represents small or low. The symbols L, M and S are classifications based on qualitative comparison among the component compounds and 0 (zero) means that the value of dielectric anisotropy is positively or negatively not large and is nearly zero.

TABLE 2 Characteristics of Compounds Compound (1) (2-1) (2-2) (3) (4-1) (4-2) (5) Maximum Temperature M S M L L L M Viscosity S L L M M M L Optical Anisotropy S M M L M M S Dielectric Anisotropy S L L 0 0 0 L Specific Resistance L L L L L L L

The main effects of the component compounds on the characteristics of the composition upon mixing the component compounds with the composition are as follows. The compound (1) decreases the viscosity and the pretilt angle. The compound (2-1) and (2-2) increase the dielectric anisotropy. The compound (3) increases the optical anisotropy. The compounds (4-1) and (4-2) increase the maximum temperature. The compound (5) increases the dielectric anisotropy. Third, the combinations of the components in the composition, desirable ratio of the component compounds, and the basis thereof will be explained. The combinations of the components in the composition are the first, the second and the third components, the first, the second, the third and the fourth components, the first, the second, the third and the fifth components, and the first, the second, the third, the fourth and the fifth components.

The compounds of the first, the second and the third components herein having fluorine in the specific part, which have a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a low viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a small pretilt angle, large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light, a high stability to heat, especially a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, and a large dielectric anisotropy, by defining the content of each component in the specific range.

A desirable ratio of the first component is approximately 20% by weight or more for decreasing the viscosity, and is approximately 50% by weight or less for decreasing the minimum temperature. A more desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 30% to approximately 45% by weight. A particularly desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 30% to approximately 40% by weight.

A desirable ratio of the second component is approximately 10% by weight or more for increasing the dielectric anisotropy, and is approximately 35% by weight or less for decreasing the viscosity. Amore desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 10% to approximately 25% by weight. A particularly desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 10% to approximately 20% by weight.

The first component has a small dielectric anisotropy, and the second component has a large dielectric anisotropy. A desirable ratio of the first component and the second component is approximately 40% by weight or more for increasing the dielectric anisotropy, and is approximately 70% by weight or less for decreasing the minimum temperature. A more desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 50% to approximately 70% by weight. A particularly desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 50% to approximately 60% by weight.

A desirable ratio of the third component is approximately 5% by weight or more for increasing the optical anisotropy, and is approximately 45% by weight or less for decreasing the minimum temperature. A more desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 5% to approximately 30% by weight. A particularly desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 5% to approximately 20% by weight.

The fourth component is suitable for preparing a composition having a particularly large temperature range of nematic phase. A desirable ratio of the component is in the range from approximately 5% to approximately 40% by weight. A more desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 10% to approximately 35% by weight. A particularly desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 10% to approximately 20% by weight.

The fifth component is suitable for preparing a composition having a particularly large dielectric anisotropy. A desirable ratio of the component is in the range from approximately 5% to approximately 20% by weight. A more desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 5% to approximately 15% by weight. A particularly desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 5% to approximately 10% by weight.

Fourth, a desirable embodiment of the component compounds will be explained. R¹, R² and R⁷ are each independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons. Desirable R¹ or R² is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons for increasing the stability to ultraviolet light or heat. R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons or alkenyl in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine. Desirable R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons for increasing the stability to ultraviolet light or heat, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons or alkenyl in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine for decreasing the viscosity. R⁶ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, fluorine or chlorine. Desirable R⁶ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, fluorine or chlorine for having a large temperature range of nematic phase.

Desirable alkyl is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, or octyl. More desirable alkyl is ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or heptyl for decreasing the viscosity. In the alkyl, a straight-chain alkenyl is preferable to a branched chain alkenyl.

Desirable alkoxy is methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, or heptyloxy. More desirable alkoxy is methoxy or ethoxy for decreasing the viscosity. In the alkoxy, a straight-chain alkenyl is preferable to a branched chain alkenyl.

Desirable alkenyl is vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, or 5-hexenyl. More desirable alkenyl is vinyl, 1-propenyl, 3-butenyl, or 3-pentenyl for decreasing the viscosity. A desirable configuration of —CH═CH— in these alkenyls depends on the position of a double bond. Trans is desirable in the alkenyl such as 1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 3-pentenyl, and 3-hexenyl for decreasing the viscosity. Cis is desirable in the alkenyl such as 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl and 2-hexenyl. In these alkenyls, straight-chain alkenyl is preferable to branched alkenyl.

Desirable examples of alkenyl in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine are 2,2-difluorovinyl, 3,3-difluoro-2-propenyl, 4,4-difluoro-3-butenyl, 5,5-difluoro-4-pentenyl, and 6,6-difluoro-5-hexenyl. More desirable examples are 2,2-difluorovinyl and 4,4-difluoro-3-butenyl for decreasing the viscosity.

Fifth, examples of the component compounds will be shown. In the desirable compounds described below, R⁸ is straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons. R⁹ is straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons or straight-chain alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons. On the configuration of 1,4-cyclohexylene, trans is preferable to cis for increasing the maximum temperature.

Desirable compound (1) are the compound (1-1) to (1-2). More desirable compound (1) are the compound (1-1). Desirable compounds (2-1) and (2-2) are the compound (2-1-1) and (2-2-1). More desirable (2-1) and (2-2) are the compound (2-1-1). Desirable compound (3) are the compounds (3-1) to (3-4). More desirable compound (3) are the compounds (3-1) to the compound (3-3). Especially desirable compound (3) are the compounds (3-1). Desirable compound (4-1) and the compound (4-2) are the compounds (4-1-1) to (4-1-6) and compounds (4-2-1) to (4-2-6). More desirable compound (4-1) and the compound (4-2) are the compounds (4-1-1) to (4-1-6) and compounds (4-2-1) to (4-2-4). Especially desirable compound (4-1) and the compound (4-2) are the compounds (4-1-4) to (4-2-4). Desirable compound (5) is the compound (5-1).

Sixth, additives capable of being mixed with the composition will be explained. The additives include an optically active compound, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet light absorbent, a coloring matter, a defoaming agent, a polymerizable compound, a polymerization initiator and so forth. An optically active compound is mixed in the composition for inducing the helical structure of liquid crystals to provide a twist angle. Examples of the optically active compound include the compounds (6-1) to (6-4) below. A desirable ratio of the optically active compound is approximately 5% by weight or less. A more desirable ratio is in the range from approximately 0.01% to approximately 2% by weight.

An antioxidant is mixed with the composition in order to avoid a decrease in specific resistance caused by heating in the air, or to maintain a large voltage holding ratio at room temperature and also at a high temperature close to the maximum temperature of the nematic phase even after the device has been used for a long time.

Preferred examples of the antioxidant include the compound (7): wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 9. In the compound (7), desirable n are 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9. More desirable n is 1 or 7. When n is 1, the compound (7) has a large volatility, and is effective in preventing the decrease of specific resistance caused by heating in the air. When n is 7, the compound (7) has a low volatility, and is effective in maintaining a large voltage holding ratio at room temperature and also at a high temperature close to the maximum temperature of the nematic phase even after the device has been used for a long time. A desirable ratio of the antioxidant is approximately 50 ppm or more for obtaining the advantage thereof, and is approximately 600 ppm or less for avoiding a decrease of the maximum temperature and avoiding an increase of the minimum temperature. A more desirable ratio thereof is in the range of approximately 100 ppm to approximately 300 ppm.

Preferred examples of the ultraviolet light absorbent include a benzophenone derivative, a benzoate derivative and a triazole derivative. A light stabilizer such as amine with steric hindrance is also desirable. A desirable ratio of the absorbent or stabilizer is approximately 50 ppm or more for obtaining the advantage thereof, and is approximately 10,000 ppm or less for avoiding a decrease of the maximum temperature and avoiding an increase of the minimum temperature. A more desirable ratio thereof is in the range of approximately 100 ppm to approximately 10,000 ppm.

A dichroic dye such as an azo dye or an anthraquinone dye is mixed with the composition to suit for a device of a guest host (GH) mode. A desirable ratio of the dye is in the range from approximately 0.01% to approximately 10% by weight. A defoaming agent such as dimethyl silicone oil or methylphenyl silicone oil is added to the composition to prevent foaming. A desirable ratio of the defoaming agent is approximately 1 ppm or more for obtaining the advantage thereof, and is approximately 1,000 ppm or less for preventing defective indication. A more desirable ratio thereof is in the range of approximately 1 ppm to approximately 500 ppm.

A polymerizable compound is mixed with the composition to suit for a device of a polymer sustained alignment (PSA) mode. Preferred examples of the polymerizable compound include a compound having a polymerizable group, such as acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl compounds, vinyloxy compounds, propenyl ether, epoxy compounds (oxirane, oxetane), and vinyl ketone. An especially desirable example is a derivative of acrylate or methacrylate. A desirable ratio of the polymerizable compound is approximately 0.05% by weight or more for obtaining the advantage thereof, and is approximately 10% by weight or less for preventing defective displaying. A more desirable ratio thereof is in the range of approximately 0.1% to approximately 2% by weight. The polymerizable compound is desirably polymerized by UV irradiation and so forth in the presence of a suitable initiator such as a photo-polymerization initiator. Suitable conditions for the polymerization, a suitable type of initiators and suitable amounts are known to those skilled in the art, and are described in the literature. For example, Irgacure 651®, Irgacure 184® or Darocure 1173® (Ciba Japan K.K.) that are photo-polymerization initiators are suitable for radical polymerization. The polymerizable compound desirably contains a photo-polymerization initiator in the range of approximately 0.1% to approximately 5% by weight. The polymerizable compound contains especially desirably a photopolymerization initiator in the range of approximately 1% to approximately 3% by weight.

Seventh, the methods for preparing the component compounds will be explained. These compounds can be prepared by known methods. The methods for the preparation will be exemplified below. The compounds (1-1) is prepared by the method disclosed in JP 2001-175947 A. The compounds (2-1) and (2-2) are prepared by the method disclosed in JP H10-251186 B (1992). The compounds (3-1) and (3-2) are prepared by the method disclosed in JP 2006-503130 A. The compounds (4-1-1) and (4-1-2) are prepared by the method disclosed in JP S57-165328 A. The compounds (4-1-3) are prepared by the method disclosed in JP S59-176211 A. The compounds (4-1-4) are prepared by the method disclosed in JP 857-64626 A. The compounds (4-1-5) are prepared by the method disclosed in JP S57-114531 A. The compounds (4-1-6) are prepared by the method disclosed in JP H01-175947 A. The compounds (4-2-4) are prepared by the method disclosed in JP S56-169633A and JP 557-165326A. The compound (5-1) is prepared by the method disclosed in JP H10-204016A. Antioxidants are commercially available. The compound (7) wherein n is 1 is commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation. The compound (7) wherein n is 7 is prepared by the method disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,660,505 (1972).

The compounds for which preparation methods were not described above can be prepared according to the methods described in ORGANIC SYNTHESES (John Wiley & Sons, Inc), ORGANIC REACTIONS (John Wiley & Sons, Inc), COMPREHENSIVE ORGANIC SYNTHESIS (Pergamon Press), NEW EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY COURSE (Shin Jikken Kagaku Kouza) (Maruzen, Inc.), and so forth. The composition is prepared according to known methods using the compounds thus obtained. For example, the component compounds are mixed and dissolved in each other by heating.

Last, use of the composition will be explained. The compositions of the invention mainly have a minimum temperature of approximately −10° C. or less, a maximum temperature of approximately 70° C. or more, and an optical anisotropy in the range of approximately 0.08 to approximately 0.18. The device containing the composition has a large voltage holding ratio. The composition is suitable for an AM device. The composition is suitable especially for an AM device of a transmission type. The composition having an optical anisotropy in the range of approximately 0.07 to approximately 0.25 and further the composition having an optical anisotropy in the range of approximately 0.06 to approximately 0.30 may be prepared by controlling the ratios of the component compounds or by mixing with other liquid crystal compounds. The composition can be used as a composition having a nematic phase and as an optically active composition by adding an optically active compound.

The composition can be used for an AM device. It can also be used for a PM device. The composition can also be used for an AM device and a PM device having a mode such as PC, TN, STN, ECB, OCB, IPS, VA, and PSA. It is especially desirable to use the composition for an AM device having a mode of TN, OCB or IPS. These devices may be of a reflection type, a transmission type or a semi-transmission type. It is desirable to use the composition for a device of a transmission type. It can also be used for an amorphous silicon-TFT device or a polycrystal silicon-TFT device. The composition is also usable for a nematic curvilinear aligned phase (NCAP) device prepared by microcapsulating the composition, and for a polymer dispersed (PD) device in which a three-dimensional net-work polymer is formed in the composition.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the invention and specific examples provided herein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the invention covers the modifications and variations of this invention that come within the scope of any claims and their equivalents.

The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended, nor should they be interpreted to, limit the scope of the invention.

EXAMPLES

The composition and the compound are a subject for measurement in order to evaluate characteristics of the composition and the compound to be included in the composition. When the subject for measurement was a composition, the composition itself was measured as a sample, and the obtained value is described here. When the subject for measurement was a compound, a sample for measurement was prepared by mixing 15% by weight of the compound and 85% by weight of mother liquid crystals. A value of characteristic of the compound was calculated by extrapolating from a value obtained by measurement. That is: extrapolated value=(value measured−0.85×value for mother liquid crystals)/0.15. When a smectic phase (or crystals) separated out at this ratio at 25° C., a ratio of the compound to mother liquid crystals was changed step by step in the order of (10% by weight/90% by weight), (5% by weight/95% by weight) and (1% by weight/99% by weight), respectively. Values for a maximum temperature, optical anisotropy, viscosity, and dielectric anisotropy of the compound were obtained by the extrapolation.

The component of the mother liquid crystals is as shown below. The ratio of the component is expressed by weight %.

Measurement of the characteristics was carried out according to the following methods. Most methods are described in the Standard of Electronic Industries Association of Japan, EIAJ•ED-2521A or those with some modifications.

Maximum Temperature of a Nematic Phase (NI; ° C.): A sample was placed on a hot plate in a melting point apparatus equipped with a polarizing microscope and was heated at the rate of 1° C. per minute. A temperature was measured when part of the sample began to change from a nematic phase into an isotropic liquid. A higher limit of a temperature range of a nematic phase may be abbreviated to “a maximum temperature.”

Minimum Temperature of a Nematic Phase (Tc; ° C.): A sample having a nematic phase was put in a glass vial and then kept in a freezer at temperatures of 0° C., −10° C., −20° C., −30° C., and −40° C. for ten days, respectively, and a liquid crystal phase was observed. For example, when the sample remained in a nematic phase at −20° C. and changed to crystals or a smectic phase at −30° C., Tc was expressed as ≦−20° C. A lower limit of a temperature range of a nematic phase may be abbreviated to “a minimum temperature.”

Viscosity (Bulk viscosity; η; measured at 20° C.; mPa·S): Viscosity was measured by means of an E-type viscometer.

Viscosity (Rotational Viscosity; γ1; measured at 25° C.; mPa·s) Rotation viscosity was measured according to the method disclosed in M. Imai, et al., Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Vol. 259, p. 37 (1995). A sample was placed in a TN device, in which a twist angle was 0°, and the cell gap between two glass plates was 5 μm. The TN device was impressed with a voltage in the range of from 16 V to 19.5 V stepwise by 0.5 V. After a period of 0.2 second with no impress of voltage, voltage impress was repeated with only one rectangular wave (rectangular pulse of 0.2 second) and application of no voltage (2 seconds). A peak current and a peak time of a transient current generated by the voltage impress were measured. The rotation viscosity was obtained from the measured values and the calculating equation (8) in the article presented by M. Imai, et al., p. 40. As for the dielectric anisotropy necessary for the calculation, the value measured by the measuring method of dielectric anisotropy described below with the device for measuring the rotation viscosity was used.

Optical Anisotropy (Δn; measured at 25° C.): Measurement was carried out with an Abbe refractometer mounting a polarizing plate on an ocular using light at a wavelength of 589 nm. The surface of a main prism was rubbed in one direction, and then a sample was dropped on the main prism. A refractive index (n∥) was measured when the direction of polarized light was parallel to that of the rubbing. A refractive index (n⊥) was measured when the direction of polarized light was perpendicular to that of the rubbing. A value of optical anisotropy was calculated from the equation: Δn=n∥−n⊥.

Dielectric Anisotropy (Δ∈; measured at 25° C.): A sample having a nematic phase was put in a TN device having a distance between two glass plates (cell gap) of 9 μm and a twist angle of 80°. Sine waves (10 V, 1 kHz) were impressed onto the device, and a dielectric constant (∈∥) in a major axis direction of a liquid crystal molecule was measured after 2 seconds. Sine waves (0.5 V, 1 kHz) were impressed onto the device and a dielectric constant (∈⊥) in a minor axis direction of a liquid crystal molecule was measured after 2 seconds. A value of a dielectric anisotropy was calculated from the equation: Δ∈=∈∥−∈⊥.

Threshold Voltage (Vth; measured at 25° C.; V): Measurement was carried out with an LCD Evaluation System Model LCD-5100 made by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. The light source was a halogen lamp. A sample was poured into a TN device of a normally white mode, in which the cell gap between two glass plates was approximately 0.45/Δn (μm), and a twist angle was 80°. Voltage to be impressed onto the device (32 Hz, rectangular waves) was stepwise increased by 0.02 volt starting from 0 V up to 10 V. During the stepwise increasing, the device was irradiated with light in a perpendicular direction, and the amount of light passing through the device was measured. A voltage-transmission curve was prepared, in which a maximum amount of light corresponded to 100% transmittance and a minimum amount of light corresponded to 0% transmittance. Threshold voltage was a value at 90% transmittance.

Voltage Holding Ratio (VHR-1; measured at 25° C.; %): A TN device used for measurement had a polyimide-alignment film and the cell gap between two glass plates was 5 μm. A sample was poured into the device, and then the device was sealed with an adhesive polymerizable by the irradiation of ultraviolet light. The TN device was impressed and charged with pulse voltage (60 microseconds at 5 V). Decreasing voltage was measured for 16.7 milliseconds with a High Speed Voltmeter and the area A between a voltage curve and a horizontal axis in a unit cycle was obtained. The area B was an area without decreasing. The voltage holding ratio is a percentage of the area A to the area B.

Voltage Holding Ratio (VHR-2; measured at 80° C.; %): A TN device used for measurement had a polyimide-alignment film and the cell gap between two glass plates was 5 μm. A sample was poured into the device, and then the device was sealed with an adhesive polymerizable by the irradiation of ultraviolet light. The TN device was impressed and charged with pulse voltage (60 microseconds at 5 V). Decreasing voltage was measured for 16.7 milliseconds with a High Speed Voltmeter and the area A between a voltage curve and a horizontal axis in a unit cycle was obtained. The area B was an area without decreasing. The voltage holding ratio is a percentage of the area A to the area B.

Voltage Holding Ratio (VHR-3; measured at 25° C.; %): A voltage holding ratio was measured after irradiating with ultraviolet light to evaluate stability to ultraviolet light. A composition having a large VHR-3 has a large stability to ultraviolet light. A TN device used for measurement had a polyimide-alignment film and the cell gap was 5 μm. A sample was poured into the device, and then the device was irradiated with light for 20 minutes. The light source was a super-high pressure mercury lamp USH-500D (made by Ushio, Inc.), and the distance between the device and the light source was 20 cm. In measurement of VHR-3, decreasing voltage was measured for 16.7 milliseconds. The VHR-3 is desirably 90% or more, and more desirably 95% or more.

Voltage Holding Ratio (VHR-4; measured at 25° C.; %): A voltage holding ratio was measured after heating a TN device having a sample poured therein in a constant-temperature chamber at 80° C. for 500 hours to evaluate stability to heat. A composition having a large VHR-4 has a large stability to heat. In measurement of VHR-4, decreasing voltage was measured for 16.7 milliseconds.

Response Time (τ; measured at 25° C.; millisecond): Measurement was carried out with an LCD Evaluation System Model LCD-5100 made by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. The light source was a halogen lamp. The low-pass filter was set at 5 kHz. A sample was poured into a TN device of a normally white mode, in which the cell gap between two glass plates was 5.0 μm, and a twist angle was 80°. Rectangular waves (60 Hz, 5 V, 0.5 second) were impressed to the device. During impressing, the device was irradiated with light in a perpendicular direction, and the amount of light passing through the device was measured. A maximum amount of light corresponds to 100% transmittance, and a minimum amount of light corresponds to 0% transmittance. Rise time (τr; millisecond) is the time required for a change in transmittance from 90% to 10%. Fall time (τf; millisecond) is the time required for a change in transmittance from 10% to 90%. Response time is the sum of the rise time and the fall time thus obtained.

Specific Resistance (ρ; measured at 25° C.; Ωcm): A sample of 1.0 ml was poured into a vessel equipped with electrodes. The vessel was impressed with DC voltage (10 V) and a direct current was measured after 10 seconds. Specific resistance was calculated from the following equation: Specific resistance=(voltage×electric capacitance of vessel)/(direct current×dielectric constant in a vacuum).

Pretilt angle (θ; measured at 25° C.); °: A device for measuring pretilt angle was prepared by preparing the anti parallel device which formed liquid crystal oriented film and by injecting liquid crystal composition into the device. The pretilt angle of the device was measured. The pretilt angle was measured by crystal rotation method with He—Ne laser with 632.8 nm of oscillation wavelength.

Gas Chromatographic Analysis: A Gas Chromatograph Model GC-14B made by Shimadzu Corporation was used for measurement. The carrier gas was helium (2 ml per minute). An evaporator and a detector (FID) were set up at 280° C. and 300° C., respectively. A capillary column DB-1 (length 30 m, bore 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm; dimethylpolysiloxane as stationary phase, no polarity) made by Agilent Technologies, Inc. was used for the separation of the component compound. After the column had been kept at 200° C. for 2 minutes, it was further heated to 280° C. at the rate of 5° C. per minute. A sample was prepared in an acetone solution (0.1% by weight), and 1 μl of the solution was injected into the evaporator. A recorder used was a Chromatopac Model C-R5A made by Shimadzu Corporation or its equivalent. The resulting gas chromatogram showed the retention time of a peak and a peak area corresponding to the component compound.

Solvents for diluting the sample may also be chloroform, hexane, and so forth. The following capillary column may also be used: HP-1 made by Agilent Technologies, Inc. (length 30 m, bore 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm), Rtx-1 made by Restek Corporation (length 30 m, bore 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm), and BP-1 made by SGE International Pty. Ltd. (length 30 m, bore 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm). In order to prevent compound peaks from overlapping, a capillary column CBP1-M50-025 (length 50 m, bore 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm) made by Shimadzu Corporation may be used.

The ratio of liquid crystal compounds contained in the composition may be calculated by the following method. The liquid crystal compounds can be detected with a gas chromatograph. The area ratio of each peak in the gas chromatogram corresponds to the ratio (number of moles) of liquid crystal compounds. When the above capillary columns are used, the correction coefficient of each liquid crystal compound may be regarded as 1. Therefore, the ratio of liquid crystal compounds (% by weight) is calculated from the area ratio of each peak.

The invention will be explained in detail by way of Examples. The invention is not limited by the Examples described below. The compounds described in Comparative Examples and the Examples are expressed by the symbols according to the definition in Table 3. In Table 3, the configuration of 1,4-cyclohexylene is trans. The parenthesized numbers next to the symbolized compounds in the Examples correspond to the numbers of the desirable compounds. The symbol (−) means other liquid crystal compound. The ratios (percentage) of liquid crystal compounds are expressed by percentage by weight (% by weight) based on the total weight of liquid crystal compositions, and the liquid crystal compositions contain impurities in addition to the liquid crystal compounds. Last, the characteristics of the compositions are summarized.

TABLE 3 Method of Description of Compound using Symbols. R—(A₁)—Z₁— ... —Zn—(An)—R′ 1) Left Terminal Group R— Symbol C_(n)H_(2n+1)— n- C_(n)H_(2n+1)O— nO— C_(m)H_(2m+1)OC_(n)H_(2n)— mOn- CH₂═CH— V— C_(n)H_(2n+1)—CH═CH— nV— CH₂═CH—C_(n)H_(2n)— Vn- C_(m)H_(2m+1)—CH═CH—C_(n)H_(2n)— mVn- CH₂═CH—C₂H₄—CH═CH—C₂H₄— V2V2- CF₂═CH— VFF— CF₂═CH—(CH₂)₂— VFF2— 4) Right Terminal Group —R′ Symbol —C_(n)H_(2n+1) -n —OC_(n)H_(2n+1) —On —F —F —Cl —CL —OCF₃ —OCF3 —OCF₂CFHCF₃ —OCF2CFHCF3 —CH═CH₂ —V —CH═CH—C_(n)H_(2n+1) —Vn —C_(n)H_(2n)—CH═CH₂ -nV —CH═CF₂ —VFF 3) Bonding group —Zn— Symbol —C₂H₄— 2 —COO— E —CH═CH— V —C≡C— T —CF₂O— X 4) Ring Structure —An— Symbol

H

B

B (F)

B (2F)

B (F, F)

B (2F, 5F)

Py

G 5) Example of Description Example 1 3-HH-VFF

Example 2 5-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F

Example 3 2-BB(F)B-2V

Example 4 4-HHB—CL

Comparative Example 1

Example 14 in WO 2006-038443 A was selected from among compositions disclosed. The reason for the selection was because the composition contained the compound (1-1), (2-1-1) and (3-1). The ratio of the first component herein is 2% by weight. The composition had the following components and characteristics.

3-HH-VFF (1-1) 2% 3-HH-V (—) 16% 3-HB-CL (—) 8% 5-HEB-F (—) 2% 3-HB-O2 (—) 2% 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-1-1) 10% 2-BB(F)B-3 (3-1) 4% 2-BB(F)B-5 (3-1) 6% V-HHB-1 (4-1-3) 10% 3-HHB-O1 (4-1-2) 2% VFF-HHB-1 (4-1-6) 2% V-HBB-1 (4-2-3) 3% 2-HBB-F (4-2-4) 5% 3-HBB-F (4-2-4) 5% 5-HBB-F (4-2-4) 5% 5-HXB(F,F)-F (—) 2% 3-HBB(F,F)-F (—) 10% 5-H2B(F)-F (—) 2% 3-HHEH-3 (—) 2% 1O1-HBBH-3 (—) 2% NI = 78.8° C.; Tc ≦ −30° C.; Δn = 0.117; Δε = 3.9; Vth = 2.04 V; γ1 = 61.5 mPa · s; τ = 9.8 ms; VHR-1 = 99.5%.

Example 1

Example 1 was prepared so that the first component herein is 20% by weight or more from the basis of the composition of the comparative example 1. The ratio of the second component to the fifth component herein was same as that of the Comparative Example 1. The composition had the following components and characteristics. Δ∈ of Example 1 was lager than that of Comparative Example 1. NI of Example 1 was higher than that of Comparative Example 1.

3-HH-VFF (1-1) 30% 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-1-1) 10% 2-BB(F)B-3 (3-1) 4% 2-BB(F)B-5 (3-1) 6% V-HHB-1 (4-1-3) 10% 3-HHB-O1 (4-1-2) 2% VFF-HHB-1 (4-1-6) 2% V-HBB-1 (4-2-3) 3% 2-HBB-F (4-2-4) 5% 3-HBB-F (4-2-4) 5% 5-HBB-F (4-2-4) 5% 5-HXB(F,F)-F (—) 2% 3-HBB(F,F)-F (—) 10% 5-H2B(F)-F (—) 2% 3-HHEH-3 (—) 2% 1O1-HBBH-3 (—) 2% NI = 87.1° C.; Tc ≦ −30° C.; Δn = 0.117; Δε = 4.2; Vth = 2.04 V; γ1 = 69.5 mPa · s; τ = 11.0 ms; VHR-1 = 99.5%.

Comparative Example 2

Example 13 in WO 2008-038018 A was selected from among compositions disclosed. The reason for the selection was because the composition contained the compound (1-1), (2-1-1) and (3-1). The ratio of the first component herein is 5% by weight. The ratio of the second component herein is 5% by weight. The composition had the following components and characteristics.

3-HH-VFF (1-1) 5% 3-HH-V (—) 25% 3-HH-V1 (—) 10% 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-1-1) 5% 3-BB(F)B(F,F)-F (—) 5% 2-BB(F)B-3 (3-1) 5% 3-HBB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (—) 5% 3-HB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (—) 5% 3-BB(2F,5F)B-3 (—) 5% 3-HB-CL (—) 5% 3-HB-O2 (—) 5% 7-HB-1 (—) 5% 1V2-BB-CL (—) 5% 5-HBB(F)B-2 (—) 5% 5-HB(F)BH-3 (—) 5% NI = 71.0° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.113; Δε = 4.1; Vth = 1.89 V; γ1 = 52.9 mPa · s; τ = 9.4 ms; VHR-1 = 99.1%.

Example 2

Example 2 was prepared so that the first component herein is 20% by weight or more and the second component herein is 10% by weight from the basis of the composition of the comparative example 2. The ratio of the third component to the fifth component herein was same as that of the Comparative Example 2. The composition had the following components and characteristics. Δ∈ of Example 2 was lager than that of Comparative Example 2.

3-HH-VFF (1-1) 30% 5-HH-VFF (1-1) 10% 2-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-1-1) 3% 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-1-1) 7% 2-BB(F)B-3 (3-1) 5% 3-HBB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (—) 5% 3-HB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (—) 5% 3-BB(2F,5F)B-3 (—) 5% 3-HB-CL (—) 5% 3-HB-O2 (—) 5% 7-HB-1 (—) 5% 1V2-BB-CL (—) 5% 5-HBB(F)B-2 (—) 5% 5-HB(F)BH-3 (—) 5% NI = 63.6° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.110; Δε = 4.9; Vth = 1.73 V; γ1 = 55.1 mPa · s; τ = 9.8 ms; VHR-1 = 99.1%.

Comparative Example 3

Example 3 in WO 2008-102641A was selected from among compositions disclosed. The reason for the selection was because the composition contained the compound (1-1), (2-2-1), (3-2) and (3-3). The ratio of the second component herein is 5% by weight. The composition had the following components and characteristics.

3-HH-VFF (1-1) 37% 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-OCF3 (—) 3% 3-HHB(F,F)-F (—) 3% 3-HBB(F,F)-F (—) 5% 5-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-2-1) 5% 1-BB(F)B-2V (3-2) 7% 2-BB(F)B-2V (3-2) 4% V2-BB(F)B-1 (3-3) 7% 3-HBB-2 (4-2-1) 3% 1V-HBB-2 (4-2-3) 4% 3-HHXB(F,F)-F (5-1) 3% 3-HH-4 (—) 5% 5-HH-V (—) 5% 3-HB-CL (—) 3% 3-HB-O2 (—) 3% 5-HBB(F)B-3 (—) 3% NI = 78.4° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.126; Δε = 3.1; Vth = 2.35 V; γ1 = 47.7 mPa · s; τ = 6.5 ms; VHR-1 = 99.0%.

Example 3

Example 3 was prepared so that the second component herein is 10% by weight from the basis of the composition of the comparative example 3. The ratio of the first component, the third component to the fifth component herein was same as that of the comparative example 3. The composition had the following components and characteristics. A of Example 3 was lager than that of Comparative Example 3.

3-HH-VFF (1-1) 37% 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-1-1) 11% 5-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-2-1) 5% 1-BB(F)B-2V (3-2) 7% 2-BB(F)B-2V (3-2) 4% V2-BB(F)B-1 (3-3) 7% 3-HBB-2 (4-2-1) 3% 1V-HBB-2 (4-2-3) 4% 3-HHXB(F,F)-F (5-1) 3% 3-HH-4 (—) 5% 5-HH-V (—) 5% 3-HB-CL (—) 3% 3-HB-O2 (—) 3% 5-HBB(F)B-3 (—) 3% NI = 73.4° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.127; Δε = 4.4; Vth = 1.97 V; γ1 = 50.4 mPa · s; τ = 6.9 ms; VHR-1 = 99.0%.

Example 4

3-HH-VFF (1-1) 30% 5-HH-VFF (1-1) 10% 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-1-1) 17% 2-BB(F)B-3 (3-1) 5% 3-HHB-1 (4-1-1) 10% 3-HHB-O1 (4-1-2) 2% 3-HHB-F (4-1-4) 5% 3-HHB-CL (4-1-5) 5% 2-HBB-F (4-2-4) 5% 3-HBB-F (4-2-4) 5% 3-HHXB(F,F)-F (5-1) 1% 3-HB-CL (—) 5% NI = 74.0° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.098; Δε = 4.5; Vth = 1.81 V; γ1 = 52.3 mPa · s.

Example 5

3-HH-VFF (1-1) 36% 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-1-1) 19% 2-BB(F)B-3 (3-1) 10% 2-BB(F)B-5 (3-1) 2% 3-HHB-1 (4-1-1) 8% 3-HHB-F (4-1-4) 2% 3-HHB-CL (4-1-5) 3% 3-HBB-F (4-2-4) 5% 5-HBB-F (4-2-4) 5% 3-HHXB(F,F)-F (5-1) 10% NI = 75.7° C.; Tc ≦ −30° C.; Δn = 0.109; Δε = 5.5; Vth = 1.73 V; γ1 = 52.8 mPa · s.

Example 6

3-HH-VFF (1-1) 34% 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-1-1) 21% 2-BB(F)B-3 (3-1) 10% 1-BB(F)B-2V (3-2) 3% 2-BB(F)B-2V (3-2) 3% 3-HHB-1 (4-1-1) 8% 2-HHB-CL (4-1-5) 8% 3-HHB-CL (4-1-5) 5% 5-HHB-CL (4-1-5) 4% 3-HBB-F (4-2-4) 4% NI = 84.4° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.123; Δε = 5.5; Vth = 1.98 V; γ1 = 66.4 mPa · s.

Example 7

3-HH-VFF (1-1) 34% 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-1-1) 24% 2-BB(F)B-3 (3-1) 6% 2-BB(F)B-5 (3-1) 7% 3-HHB-1 (4-1-1) 8% 3-HHB-O1 (4-1-2) 2% 2-HHB-CL (4-1-5) 6% 3-HHB-CL (4-1-5) 6% 3-HHXB(F,F)-F (5-1) 7% NI = 75.4° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.110; Δε = 6.3; Vth = 1.64 V; γ1 = 56.8 mPa · s.

Example 8

3-HH-VFF (1-1) 21% 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-1-1) 11% 2-BB(F)B-3 (3-1) 5% 3-HHB-1 (4-1-1) 4% V-HHB-1 (4-1-3) 10% 2-HBB-F (4-2-4) 2% 3-HBB-F (4-2-4) 2% 3-HHXB(F,F)-F (5-1) 2% 3-HH-V (—) 13% 3-HH-V1 (—) 7% 3-HBB(F,F)-F (—) 17% 2-HHBB(F,F)-F (—) 3% 3-HHBB(F,F)-F (—) 3% NI = 79.9° C.; Tc ≦ −30° C.; Δn = 0.102; Δε = 4.8; Vth = 1.82 V; γ1 = 53.8 mPa · s.

Example 9

3-HH-VFF (1-1) 35% 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-1-1) 18% 3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-2-1) 3% 4-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-2-1) 7% 5-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-2-1) 5% 2-BB(F)B-3 (3-1) 12% 2-BB(F)B-5 (3-1) 12% 3-BB(F)B-5 (3-1) 8% NI = 73.9° C.; Δn = 0.154; Δε = 8.7; Vth = 1.75 V; η = 29.9 mPa · s; γ1 = 77.9 mPa · s.

Example 10

3-HH-VFF (1-1) 20% V2-HH-VFF (1-2) 8% 1V2-HH-VFF (1-2) 8% 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)-F (2-1-1) 20% 2-BB(F)B-3 (3-1) 6% V2-BB(F)B-2V (3-4) 6% 3-HHB-1 (4-1-1) 3% 2-HHB-CL (4-1-5) 8% 3-HHB-CL (4-1-5) 5% 5-HHB-CL (4-1-5) 4% 5-HBB-CL (4-2-5) 4% VFF-HBB-1 (4-2-6) 6% 3-HHXB(F,F)-F (5-1) 2% NI = 84.6° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.122; Δε = 6.1; Vth = 1.70 V; η = 14.1 mPa · s; γ1 = 63.6 mPa · s.

Δ∈ of example 1 to example 10 was lager than that of comparative example 1 to comparative example 3.

Although the invention has been described and illustrated with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the disclosure has been made only by way of example, and that numerous changes in the conditions and order of steps can be resorted to by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

The liquid crystal composition satisfies at least one characteristic among the characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a low viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a small pretilt angle, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light, and a high stability to heat, or is properly balanced regarding at least two characteristics. The liquid crystal display device that containing the composition provides an AM device that has a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a high contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth, and therefore can be used for a liquid crystal projector, a liquid crystal television and so forth. 

1. A liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase that includes three components, wherein the first component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (1), and the second component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (2-1) and (2-2), and the third component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (3); the ratio of the first component is in the range of approximately 20% to approximately 50% by weight, the ratio of the second component is in the range of approximately 10% to approximately 35% by weight, and the ratio of the third component is in the range of approximately 5% to approximately 45% by weight based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition.

wherein R¹ and R² are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons; R³ and R⁴ are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine.
 2. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the sum of the ratio of the first component and the second component is in the range of approximately 50% by weight to approximately 70% by weight based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition.
 3. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the second component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (2-1).
 4. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the first component is in the range of approximately 30% by weight to approximately 45% by weight, the ratio of the second component is in the range of approximately 10% by weight to approximately 25% by weight, and the ratio of the third component is in the range of approximately 5% by weight to approximately 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition.
 5. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of claim 1 that further includes at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (4-1) and (4-2) as a fourth component, wherein the ratio of the fourth component is in the range of approximately 5% by weight to approximately 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition

wherein R⁵ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine; R⁶ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, fluorine or chlorine.
 6. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the composition further includes at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (5) as the fifth component, wherein the ratio of the fifth component is in the range of approximately 5% to approximately 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition

wherein R⁷ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, or alkenyl having 2 to
 12. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, containing the liquid crystal composition.
 8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 7, wherein the operation mode of the liquid crystal display device is a twisted nematic (TN) mode, an optically compensated bend (OCB) mode, an in-plane switching (IPS) mode or a polymer sustained alignment (PSA) mode, and the driving mode of the liquid crystal display device is an active matrix mode. 